Most of the Dene languages in Canada use a modified Roman orthography, while at the same time, some of these languages also use Syllabics. All Athabaskan languages in the USA use the Roman orthography exclusively. In recent years, there have been writing standards set up by native speakers, notably the Northwest Territories Dene Standardisation Project.
Most of the Athabaskan languages in Canada and the United States follow the same principles, for example: the voiceless lateral fricative is usually written ‹ł›, marked tone is written with an accent ‹á› or ‹à›, and nasal vowels are indicated with an ogonek ‹ą›. A few orthographies for Athabaskan languages do diverge from this system. There are differences between the languages’ standards, and each writing system is unique in its own way. For some languages in the NWT, there is a distinction between the capital glottal stop and the lowercase.
Each language will be provided with two keyboards, one for Windows and one for Macs. Older keyboards layouts which were available on this page in the past are always available if you contact me directly via email. Multi-lingual keyboards keep the standard A–Z keys while the special characters used by the languages are mapped to punctuation keys. These keyboards allow for easy typing in both English and the Native langauge at the same time.
All keyboards (unless otherwise noted) on this site are designed to work with Unicode fonts, and as such, will only work with relatively up-to-date software (e.g. Windows XP, Mac OSX Tiger). Alan Wood has a list of Unicode friendly software.
The multi-lingual keyboards place accents and special letters only on punctuation keys, so as not to interfere with letters required by English. This way borrowed words or proper names can be typed in a Native language text without switching keyboard layouts. Unless otherwise mentioned on the keymap, accents are typed after the letter they modify. Where a punctuation key has been altered, the original value is typed by holding down the RIGHT-ALT (on Windows) or one of the OPTION keys (on Macs) and hitting the punctuation key.
Alaska Athabaskan |
Mac Download — Windows Download (1.1) Mac Installation Instructions — Windows Installation Instructions |
Ahtena | Keymap (pdf) |
Deg Xinag | Keymap (pdf) |
Dena’ina | Keymap (pdf) |
Eyak | Keymap (pdf) |
Gwich’in | Keymap (pdf) |
Hän | Keymap (pdf) |
Holikachuk | Keymap (pdf) |
Koyukon | Keymap (pdf) |
Tanacross | Keymap (pdf) |
Tanana (Lower) | Keymap (pdf) |
Upper Kuskokwim | Keymap (pdf) |
Upper Tanana |
Alberta, BC, |
Mac Download (2.2) — Windows Download (2.1) Mac Installation Instructions — Windows Installation Instructions |
Dakelh (Roman Orthog.) | Carrier | |
Dane Z̲aa | Beaver | |
Dene Dzage | Kaska | |
Dɛnɛsųłįnɛ (ɛ-orthog) | Chipewyan | |
Dene Zhatié | South Slavey | |
Nat’ooten-Witsuwit’en | Babine/North Carrier | |
Tāłtān | Tahltan | |
Tsek’ehne | Sekani | |
Tŝilhqot’en | Chilcotin |
NWT
|
Mac Download (2.0) — Windows Download (2.0) Mac Installation Instructions — Windows Installation Instructions |
Dënesųłı̨ne (ë-orthog) | Chipewyan | |
Dene Zhatıé–Shıhgot’ıne | South–Mountain Slavey | |
Gwich’in | Kutchin, Loucheux | |
Sahtúot’ı̨nę | Hare–Bear Lake Slavey | |
Tłı̨chǫ Yatıı̀ |
American South-West |
Mac Download — Windows Download (1.0) Mac Installation Instructions — Windows Installation Instructions |
Abáachii Miizaa | Jicarilla Apache | |
Diné Bizaad | Navajo | |
Nṉee Biyáti’ | Western Apache |
Yukon Athabaskan |
Mac Download — Windows Download Mac Installation Instructions — Windows Installation Instructions |
Gwich’in | Keymap (pdf) |
Hän | Keymap (pdf) |
Kaska | Keymap (pdf) |
Northern Tutchone | Keymap (pdf) |
Southern Tutchone | Keymap (pdf) |
Tagish | Keymap (pdf) |
Tlingit (Interior) | Keymap (pdf) |
Upper Tanana |
California |
Mac Download — Windows Download Mac Installation Instructions — Windows Installation Instructions |
Na:tinixwe:-Mixine:we’ | Hupa |
Other Keyboards |
Mac Download — Windows Download Mac Installation Instructions — Windows Installation Instructions |
Carrier (Morice’s Latin Orthography) | Dakelh |