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Most of the Dene languages in Canada use a modified Roman orthography, while at the same time, some of these languages also use Syllabics. All Athabaskan languages in the USA use the Roman orthography exclusively. In recent years, there have been writing standards set up by native speakers, notably the Northwest Territories Dene Standardisation Project.

Most of the Athabaskan languages in Canada and the United States follow the same principles, for example: the voiceless lateral fricative is usually written ‹ł›, marked tone is written with an accent ‹á› or ‹à›, and nasal vowels are indicated with an ogonek ‹ą›. A few orthographies for Athabaskan languages do diverge from this system. There are differences between the languages’ standards, and each writing system is unique in its own way. For some languages in the NWT, there is a distinction between the capital glottal stop and the lowercase.

Each language will be provided with two keyboards, one for Windows and one for Macs. Older keyboards layouts which were available on this page in the past are always available if you contact me directly via email. Multi-lingual keyboards keep the standard A–Z keys while the special characters used by the languages are mapped to punctuation keys. These keyboards allow for easy typing in both English and the Native langauge at the same time.

All keyboards (unless otherwise noted) on this site are designed to work with Unicode fonts, and as such, will only work with relatively up-to-date software (e.g. Windows XP, Mac OSX Tiger). Alan Wood has a list of Unicode friendly software.

How the keyboards work

The multi-lingual keyboards place accents and special letters only on punctuation keys, so as not to interfere with letters required by English. This way borrowed words or proper names can be typed in a Native language text without switching keyboard layouts. Unless otherwise mentioned on the keymap, accents are typed after the letter they modify. Where a punctuation key has been altered, the original value is typed by holding down the RIGHT-ALT (on Windows) or one of the OPTION keys (on Macs) and hitting the punctuation key.

Keyboard Maps and Keyboards


Alaska Athabaskan

Mac Download — Windows Download (1.1)

Mac Installation InstructionsWindows Installation Instructions

Ahtena Keymap (pdf)
Deg Xinag Keymap (pdf)
Dena’ina Keymap (pdf)
Eyak Keymap (pdf)
Gwich’in Keymap (pdf)
Hän Keymap (pdf)
Holikachuk Keymap (pdf)
Koyukon Keymap (pdf)
Tanacross Keymap (pdf)
Tanana (Lower) Keymap (pdf)
Upper Kuskokwim Keymap (pdf)

Upper Tanana

Keymap (pdf)


Alberta, BC,
Sask. Athabaskan

Mac Download (2.2) — Windows Download (2.1)

Mac Installation InstructionsWindows Installation Instructions

Dakelh (Roman Orthog.) Carrier
Dane Z̲aa Beaver
Dene Dzage Kaska
Dɛnɛsųłįnɛ (ɛ-orthog) Chipewyan
Dene Zhatié South Slavey
Nat’ooten-Witsuwit’en Babine/North Carrier
Tāłtān Tahltan
Tsek’ehne Sekani
Tŝilhqot’en Chilcotin

NWT
Athabaskan

(All keyboards except Gwich’in have been updated to dotless-ı)

Mac Download (2.0) — Windows Download (2.0)

Mac Installation InstructionsWindows Installation Instructions

Dënesųłı̨ne (ë-orthog) Chipewyan
Dene Zhatıé–Shıhgot’ıne South–Mountain Slavey
Gwich’in Kutchin, Loucheux
Sahtúot’ı̨nę Hare–Bear Lake Slavey
Tłı̨chǫ Yatıı̀  

American South-West
Athabaskan

Mac Download — Windows Download (1.0)

Mac Installation InstructionsWindows Installation Instructions

Abáachii Miizaa Jicarilla Apache
Diné Bizaad Navajo
Nṉee Biyáti’ Western Apache

Yukon Athabaskan

Mac Download — Windows Download

Mac Installation InstructionsWindows Installation Instructions

Gwich’in Keymap (pdf)
Hän Keymap (pdf)
Kaska Keymap (pdf)
Northern Tutchone Keymap (pdf)
Southern Tutchone Keymap (pdf)
Tagish Keymap (pdf)
Tlingit (Interior) Keymap (pdf)

Upper Tanana

Keymap (pdf)


California

Mac Download — Windows Download

Mac Installation InstructionsWindows Installation Instructions

Na:tinixwe:-Mixine:we’ Hupa

Other Keyboards

Mac Download — Windows Download

Mac Installation InstructionsWindows Installation Instructions

Carrier (Morice’s Latin Orthography) Dakelh
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Last Modified: 17-Aug-2020