{"id":37,"date":"2020-07-14T07:32:26","date_gmt":"2020-07-14T07:32:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/?page_id=37"},"modified":"2020-08-10T06:24:58","modified_gmt":"2020-08-10T06:24:58","slug":"%e1%90%8a%e1%93%82%e1%94%91%e1%93%87%e1%90%af%e1%92%a7%e1%90%8e%e1%93%90-anishinaabe-language","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/languages\/algonquian-languages\/%e1%90%8a%e1%93%82%e1%94%91%e1%93%87%e1%90%af%e1%92%a7%e1%90%8e%e1%93%90-anishinaabe-language\/","title":{"rendered":"\u140a\u14c2\u1511\u14c7\u142f\u14a7\u140e\u14d0 Anishinaabe Language"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/languages\/algonquian-languages\/%e1%90%8a%e1%93%82%e1%94%91%e1%93%87%e1%90%af%e1%92%a7%e1%90%8e%e1%93%90-anishinaabe-language\/northern-ojibwe-text\/\">Northern Ojibwe Text<\/a> \u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/%e1%90%8a%e1%93%82%e1%94%91%e1%93%87%e1%90%af%e1%92%a7%e1%90%8e%e1%93%90-ojibwe-text\/\">Northwestern Ojibwe Text<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anishinaabemowin (ISO 639-3 oji) is the second most widely spoken Native language in Canada. The people and language go under many English names: Ojibway, Ojibwa, Ojibwe, Chippewa, etc. Anishinaabe is the appropriate Native name, although there are spelling and pronunciation variants. The language is spoken throughout Ontario, southern Manitoba, eastern Saskatchewan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, and Michigan: basically the area surrounding the Great Lakes, and west of that region. Ojibwe is often grouped together with Odawa as well as other Algonquian languages which are quite similar, including: Potawatomi, Algonquin, and Oji-Cree.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As the language crosses many different modern-day borders and jurisdictions, it is no surprise that there have been a plethora of writing systems devised, by missionaries, linguists, educators, as well as Native speakers themselves. Over the years, several have become more commonly used, including the Nichols-Fiero Roman orthography and <a href=\"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/ojibwe-syllabarium\/\">Ojibwe Syllabics<\/a>. Syllabics is restricted primarily to Saulteaux (Plains Ojibwe) and dialects in Northern Ontario. The Nichols-Fiero writing system has become very wide-spread recently, and is currently used by many teachers and textbooks. The sounds of Ojibwe are given below, using Nichols-Fiero. This orthography is recognisable by its double vowels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/2016\/dp-pd\/dt-td\/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&amp;APATH=3&amp;DETAIL=0&amp;DIM=0&amp;FL=A&amp;FREE=0&amp;GC=0&amp;GID=0&amp;GK=0&amp;GRP=1&amp;PID=110512&amp;PRID=10&amp;PTYPE=109445&amp;S=0&amp;SHOWALL=0&amp;SUB=0&amp;Temporal=2017&amp;THEME=122&amp;VID=0&amp;VNAMEE=&amp;VNAMEF=\">Canadian Census<\/a>&nbsp;counts 46,685 people with knowledge of Ojibwe and related languages in 2016, up from from 30,505 in 2001. According to&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.languagegeek.com\/bibliography\/allref.html#howe%20and%20cook\">Howe and Cook<\/a>, there are 45,000 (including other related languages). There are 9,735 speakers in the United States as of 2013 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www2.census.gov\/library\/data\/tables\/2008\/demo\/language-use\/2009-2013-acs-lang-tables-nation.xls#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">U.S. Census<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f211f58cce7\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f211f58cce7\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/languages\/algonquian-languages\/%e1%90%8a%e1%93%82%e1%94%91%e1%93%87%e1%90%af%e1%92%a7%e1%90%8e%e1%93%90-anishinaabe-language\/#Anishinaabe_Consonants\" title=\"Anishinaabe Consonants\">Anishinaabe Consonants<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/languages\/algonquian-languages\/%e1%90%8a%e1%93%82%e1%94%91%e1%93%87%e1%90%af%e1%92%a7%e1%90%8e%e1%93%90-anishinaabe-language\/#Anishinaabe_Vowels\" title=\"Anishinaabe Vowels\">Anishinaabe Vowels<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/languages\/algonquian-languages\/%e1%90%8a%e1%93%82%e1%94%91%e1%93%87%e1%90%af%e1%92%a7%e1%90%8e%e1%93%90-anishinaabe-language\/#Notes\" title=\"Notes\">Notes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-1-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-1\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anishinaabe_Consonants\"><\/span>Anishinaabe Consonants<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-1-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><th class=\"column-2\">bilabial<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">alveolar<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">palato-alveolar<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">palatal<\/th><th class=\"column-6\">velar<\/th><th class=\"column-7\">glottal<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">voiceless stop<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">p<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">t<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">ch<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">k<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">'<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">voiced stop<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">b<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">d<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">j<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">g<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">voiceless fricative<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">s<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">sh<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><\/td><td class=\"column-7\">(h)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">voiced fricative<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">z<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">zh<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">nasal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">m<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">n<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">ng<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">approximant<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">w<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">y<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"tablepress-2-name\" class=\"tablepress-table-name tablepress-table-name-id-2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anishinaabe_Vowels\"><\/span>Anishinaabe Vowels<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-2\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-2\" aria-labelledby=\"tablepress-2-name\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><th class=\"column-2\">front<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">central<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">back<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">high tense<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">ii<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">oo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">high lax<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">i<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">mid tense<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">e<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">low lax<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">a<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">low tense<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">aa<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-2 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Notes\"><\/span>Notes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nasal vowels are indicated by \u3008nh\u3009 written after the vowel, or by \u3008n\u3009 before fricatives and approximants.<\/li><li>The \/ch\/ sound may also be written \u3008c\u3009, and the voiceless sounds are written by some as <em>hp, ht, hc, hk, hs, hsh<\/em> (as is done in Oji-Cree). The voiceless sounds may also be realised as double consonants: <em>pp, tt, cc, kk, ss, \u0161\u0161.<\/em> Furthermore, the palato-alveolar sounds may be represented by the <em>caron accent,<\/em> as in <em>\u010d \u01f0 \u0161 \u017e.<\/em> The actual phonetic sounds of the voiceless consonants varies amongst the dialects.<\/li><li>The voiceless and voiced consonants in the table above could also be labelled phonologically as fortis (strong) and lenis (weak) respectively. In many dialects, the voiceless consonants are more heavily aspirated (with a strong [h] sound afterwards) than in English. At the end of a word, the voiceless and voiced sounds coalesce to varying degrees.<\/li><li>The tense vowels are always held long, while the lax vowels are quite short (and may disappear in unstressed syllables in some dialects). The vowel \/e\/ is always tense\/long\u2014there is no short \/e\/\u2014so the orthography does not require it to be doubled.<\/li><li>The status of \/h\/ and \/\u2019\/ change depending on dialect, so that the letter \u3008h\u3009 may represent the glottal stop. An \u3008h\u3009 after an \u3008n\u3009 is likely indicating a nasal vowel, so the \u3008h\u3009 should not be pronounced.<\/li><li>Some people prefer an accented vowel, e.g. \u3008\u00e1\u3009, instead of the double vowel. This is certainly the case in Roman orthography Saulteaux, where \u3008aa\u3009 could be a series of two short \/a\/, or a long \/aa\/. Using an accent prevents any ambiguity.<\/li><li>Hyphens are used to separate some prefixes\/preverbs from verbs.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Northern Ojibwe Text \u2022 Northwestern Ojibwe Text Anishinaabemowin (ISO 639-3 oji) is the second most widely spoken Native language in Canada. The people and language go under many English names: Ojibway, Ojibwa, Ojibwe, Chippewa, etc. Anishinaabe is the appropriate Native name, although there are spelling and pronunciation variants. The language is spoken throughout Ontario, southern [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":34,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[9,8],"class_list":["post-37","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","tag-algonquian","tag-language"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":277,"href":"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37\/revisions\/277"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/languagegeek.com\/lgwp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}